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| 217 BC |
| | Hannibal surprises and traps a Roman army on a narrow plain beside Lake Trasimene | |
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| 216 BC |
| | Hannibal destroys a Roman army at Cannae, in the most severe defeat ever suffered by Rome | |
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| 202 BC |
| | Hannibal suffers his first decisive defeat by a Roman army, at an unidentified site in north Africa called Zama | |
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| 102 BC |
| | The Roman general Gaius Marius defeats the Teutones, a German tribe which has made deep inroads into southern Gaul | |
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| 101 BC |
| | A German tribe, the Cimbri, press into northern Italy until they are defeated at Vercellae and driven out of the peninsula | |
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| -82 BC |
| | Sulla takes Rome for the second time, after a battle at the Colline Gate, and then publishes his lethal 'proscriptions' | |
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| 53 BC |
| | Crasssus is killed at Carrhae, in Turkey, when the Parthians defeat his army, largely thanks to their brilliance as mounted archers | |
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| 52 BC |
| | The Celtic leader Vercingetorix inflicts an unaccustomed defeat on Julius Caesar, at Gergovia, but is captured later in the year | |
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| 48 BC |
| | Julius Caesar defeats his rival Pompey at Pharsalus, in Greece, and makes himself master of the Roman world | |
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| 42 BC |
| | Octavian and Mark Antony defeat the armies of Brutus and Cassius at Philippi, after which Brutus and Cassius commit suicide | |
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